[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” background_image=”https://live-tomato-society.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/tlo-18.webp” background_position=”bottom_center” custom_padding=”||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” title_text=”tlo” sticky_enabled=”0″][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_5,3_5″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”2_5″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” header_2_font=”Marcellus|300|||||||” header_2_text_color=”#FFFFFF” header_2_font_size=”46px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]
[/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_font=”Playfair Display|300|||||||” text_text_color=”#FFFFFF” text_font_size=”22px” text_line_height=”1.9em” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]By Andrea Clapp[/et_pb_text][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_5″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#e8e4d9″ custom_padding=”40px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” custom_padding=”||24px|||”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_divider][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_3,2_3″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”22px” header_2_font_size=”33px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]
About the Author
[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” custom_margin=”||6px|||”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”22px” header_2_font_size=”33px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]
Andrea Clapp
Chief Operating Officer, Director
of Research and Innovation
[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”#flip” button_text=”LEARN MORE” button_alignment=”left” disabled_on=”on|off|off” _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#FFFFFF” button_bg_color=”#5b8d3c” button_border_width=”0px” button_font=”Marcellus SC||||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” button_bg_enable_color=”on” sticky_enabled=”0″][/et_pb_button][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” custom_margin=”||6px|||”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”22px” header_2_font_size=”33px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin=”||33px|||”]Also in this Series[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” custom_margin=”-2px||6px|||”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”20px” header_2_font_size=”33px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin=”||33px|||”]A Rainbow of Tomato
ColorsPART 2 – PART 2 OF 4
WORLD TROMATO SOCIETY
A Rainbow of Tomato
ColorsPART 3 – PART 3 OF 4
WORLD TOMATO SOCIETY
A Rainbow of Tomato ColorsPART 4 – PART 4 OF 4
WORLD TOMATO SOCIETY[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” custom_margin=”-2px||6px|||”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”22px” header_2_font_size=”33px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin=”||33px|||”]Resources and Documents[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” custom_margin=”-2px||6px|||”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”20px” header_2_font_size=”33px” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″ custom_margin=”||33px|||”]Tomato Fruit Color Mutations
KDCOMM.NET
Flavonoids: an overview
THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR
BIOTECHNOOGY INFORMATION[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” custom_margin=”-2px||6px|||”][/et_pb_divider][/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”17px” text_line_height=”1.8em” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]Have you ever thought about the color of tomatoes? They come in so many colors these days: red, pink, purple, brown, yellow, white, green, orange, bicolor, and even blue and black! Here’s the breakdown of some of the genetic reasoning behind specific colors of tomatoes, but first let’s talk about what creates the color palette. Phytonutrients, or nutrients that come from plants, are pigments found in the cell structure and dermal (skin) layers of many plants and are what give fruits, vegetables, and leafy greens their color, scent, and even flavor. They act as the plant’s immune system by protecting them from environmental stresses. Until recently, they were considered nonessential nutrients to our diets, unlike macronutrients—such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—or micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. But studies have found that, just like plants, our bodies need these nutrients for some of the same reason plants do. Phytonutrients have antioxidant properties that protect our bodies from free radicals and environmental stress, which slow aging and restore health. They are also anti- inflammatory, helping to protect our bodies from diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and Alzheimer’s. Phytonutrients even help keep our immune system strong by fighting infections.[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||7px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_image src=”https://live-tomato-society.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/2-23.webp” _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” theme_builder_area=”post_content” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″][/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||7px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”17px” text_line_height=”1.8em” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]Now that we know what phytonutrients are and how they can benefit our bodies, let’s look at the phytonutrients specific to providing the colors in tomatoes. There are over 4,000 types of phytonutrients; however, there are three subclasses that present in tomatoes. The first is chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is responsible for the green coloring of unripe tomatoes and some forms of stripes, and it is even found in purple and brown tomatoes, where it’s combined with other pigments to give the purple or brown appearance. The second class of phytonutrient pigmentation found in tomatoes is carotenoids. Carotenoids are responsible for some of the yellows, oranges, and reds we find in ripe tomato flesh. Two major players for tomatoes in this subclass are lycopene (red) and beta- carotene (orange).[/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||7px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_image src=”https://live-tomato-society.pantheonsite.io/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/3-22.webp” _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” theme_builder_area=”post_content” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″][/et_pb_image][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||7px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”17px” text_line_height=”1.8em” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]The third subclass of phytonutrient pigments is flavonoids. Flavonoids are found in the epidermis (skin) of tomatoes more than in the flesh. Chalconaringenin is a yellow flavonoid pigment found in the cuticle of the epidermis of some colors of tomatoes; it is not opaque but rather transparent, allowing it to transform the color appearance of the flesh beneath the surface. Also, in the flavonoid family are anthocyanins, which present some of the deepest pigments of all but have their own subclass of flavonoids that break down the colors even further into blacks, blues, purples, and deep reds. For example, blueberries, blackberries, beets, and eggplants all contain high amounts of this phytonutrient. In tomatoes, it is mostly only visible in the dermal layers with a slight “bleed” into the flesh. All these pigments work alone or in combination with one another to produce the color of tomatoes as we see them. Please join us next time for a recap of pigments and a breakdown of each color class of tomatoes![/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||7px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” text_text_color=”#000000″ text_font_size=”17px” text_line_height=”1.8em” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” sticky_enabled=”0″]Andrea Clapp
Chief Operating Officer, Director of Research and Innovation[/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”#flip” button_text=”BACK TO ARTICLES” button_alignment=”center” disabled_on=”on|off|off” _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_size=”18px” button_text_color=”#FFFFFF” button_bg_color=”#5b8d3c” button_border_width=”0px” button_font=”Marcellus SC||||||||” custom_margin=”||||false|false” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content” button_bg_enable_color=”on” sticky_enabled=”0″][/et_pb_button][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||7px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_divider][et_pb_comments _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” theme_builder_area=”post_content” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″][/et_pb_comments][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”||0px|||” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_divider color=”#000000″ _builder_version=”4.19.2″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][/et_pb_divider][/et_pb_column][/et_pb_row][/et_pb_section]